While installing Jenkins 1.486 on Ubuntu 12.10 server (64bit) with Java 7u9 I had two issues with libXrender.so.1 and libXtst.so.6 when running the first Maven build. I solved them and this post contains the solution.

At first Maven failed with the following message:

Caused by: java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: 
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/xawt/libmawt.so: libXrender.so.1: 
cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

This was solved by running:

sudo apt-get install libxrender-dev

Caused by: java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: 
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/xawt/libmawt.so: libXtst.so.6: 
cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

So I had to install some other stuff:

sudo apt-get install libxtst-dev

After this the compilation succeeded.

DISCLAIMER: I can't answer any questions regarding this. All I know that these magic incantations helped me, so I put them here hoping they will help you to. I'm not responsible for any damage done by this etc. etc. ;)